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Вариант 4

Описание работы:

1. They football every other Sunday.
Play usually
Usually play
Are usually playing
Usually

are playing
2. I hate this customer! She ... about everything!
Is always complaining
Always complains
Always complain
Is complaining always
3. Where is Ann? I ... her since yesterday morning.
Didn't see
Don't see
Haven't seen
Hadn't seen
4. When children ... in, their parents ... up New Year presents.
Were coming, wrapped
Were coming, were wrapping
Came, wrapped
Came, were wrapping
5. Why are you soaking wet? - We ... in the rain.
Were walking
Walked
Have been walking
Had been walking
6. They started producing refrigerators after they ... tanks for years.
Had been producing
Had produced
Have been producing
Were producing
7. Before we set off for a journey we ... all the things we needed.
Packed
Had been packing
Had packed
Were packing
8. This driver is very careless. I'm sure he ... an accident.
Will have
Is going to have
Will be having
Is having
9. I'm not free on Tuesday. John and I... to the theater.
Are going
Go
Will go
Will be going
10. This time next week I... on a beach in California!
Will lie
Going to lie
Am lying
Will be lying
11. Last year my friends and I... to take part in a TV programme.
Invited
Invite
Were invited
Are invited
12. Some new metro stations ... in Moscow now.
Will be built
Are building
Are being built
Are built
13.1 think the article ... tomorrow in the evening.
Will be translated
Will be translating
Have been translated
Will translate
14. How many cars .., in the accidents on this road so far?
Have damaged
Had been damaged
Had damaged
Have been damaged
15. John ... his ankle while he was playing football.
Has sprained
Sprained
Has been sprained
Was sprained
16. 1 000 children ... every year in this city.
Are born
Will be born
Were born
Born
17. This recipe ... for several centuries.
Was known
Has been known
Had been known
Is known
18. This man ... five people before the building exploded.
Saved
Has saved
Had been saved
Had saved
19. This phenomenon ... for five years and now they publish their book.
Has been studied
Has been studying
Was being studied
Was studied
20. When we entered the wall... bright yellow.
Was painted
Was been painted
Was painting
Was being painted
21.1 wonder if you ... lend me some two hundred.
Could
May
Must
Can
22. Mary ... speak Polish to strangers.
Was never able to
Never could
Has never been able to
Never can
23. I'll come at 7 tomorrow. - No, you ... come that early, we start much later.
Mustn't
Don't have to
Must
Needn't
24.1 think you ... tell him everything you know and the sooner the better.
Could
May
Might
Should
25. She has just phoned me from her office. She ... still at work.
Can't be
May be
Must be
Might be
26. I'm not sure but they ... the day before yesterday.
Might have left
Might leave
Must leave
Must have left
27.1 tried different keys you gave me but the door just....
a) Won't open
Couldn't open
Wouldn't open
May not open
28. I'm afraid you ... everything once again tomorrow.
Must do
Will have to do
Should do
Have to do
29. You ... her in front of all your family. "
Shouldn't insult
Shouldn't have insulted
Must have insulted
30. Would you mind ... the window? It's rather chilly in here.
To close
Closing
Close
To closing
31. How... such bad words? She was a little girl then.
Can she have used
She could have used
Could she use
Can she use
32. I'd like to know if you enjoy ... to parties.
Going
Go
To go
To going
33. They objected ... to that terrible music.
Listening
To listen
To listening
Listen
34.1 clearly remember... the keys in the upper drawer. Where on earth are they now?
To put
Putting
Put
To putting
35. Why do your parents not let you ... home after midnight?
Come
Coming
To coming
To come
36. The children are often made ... what their parents want them.
Do
To do
Doing
To doing
37. The girls suggested ... a fashion show on TV.
To watch
On watching
Watch
Watching
38.... at the hotel they checked in and went up to their rooms.
Arrived__
Arriving
On arriving
Arrive
39.1 saw a girl... bitterly near the lamp-post
Cried
Crying
In crying
Cry
40. When I saw his new coat I couldn't help ... .It looked so strange!
Laughing
Laugh
To laugh
From laughing
41. My parents always want... the washing-up.
That I did
Me do
Me to do
For me to do
42. Have you ever heard ... ? She's got a marvelous voice.
Mary singing
That Mary sing
Mary sing
Mary to sing
43. Are you sure you saw... these boxes?
That he open
Him opening
Him to open

Text 1.
The scientific definition of a machine is any device that transmits or modifies energy. In common usage, the meaning is restricted to devices having rigid moving parts that perform or assist in performing useful work. It normally requires some energy source ("input") and always accomplishes some sort of work. Devices with no rigid moving parts are commonly considered tools, or simply devices, not machines.
People have used mechanisms to amplify their abilities since before written records were available. Generally these devices decrease the amount of force required to do a given amount of work, alter the direction of the force, or transform one form of motion or energy into another.
The mechanical advantage of a simple machine is the ratio between the force it exerts on the load and the input force applied. This does not entirely describe the machine's performance, as force is required to overcome friction as well. The mechanical efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the actual mechanical advantage (AMA) to the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA). Functioning physical machines are always less than 100% efficient.
Modern power tools, automated machine tools, and human-operated power machinery are tools that are also machines. Machines used to transform heat or other energy into mechanical energy are known as engines.
Hydraulics devices may also be used to support industrial applications, although devices entirely lacking rigid moving parts are not commonly considered machines. Hydraulics are widely used in heavy equipment industries, automobile industries, marine industries, aeronautical industries, construction equipment industries, and earthmoving equipment industries.

Text 2.
Currently, for manufacturing companies, the purpose of automation has shifted from increasing productivity and reducing costs, to broader issues, such as increasing quality and flexibility in the manufacturing process.
Another major shift in automation is the increased emphasis on flexibility and convertibility in the manufacturing process. Manufacturers are increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing Product A to manufacturing Product В without having to completely rebuild the production lines.
Safety issues of automation
One safety issue with automation is that while it is often viewed as a way to minimize human error in a system, increasing the degree and levels of automation also increases the consequences of error. For example, The Three Mile Island nuclear event was largely due to over-reliance on "automated safety" systems. Unfortunately, in the event, the designers had never anticipated the actual failure mode which occurred, so both the "automated safety" systems and their human overseers were inundated with vast amounts of largely irrelevant information. With automation we have machines designed by (fallible) people with high levels of expertise, which operate at speeds well beyond human ability to react, being operated by people with relatively more limited education (or other failings, as in the Bhopal disaster or Chernobyl disaster). Ultimately, with increasing levels of automation over ever larger domains of activities, when something goes wrong the consequences rapidly approach the catastrophic. This is true for all complex systems however, and one of the major goals of safety engineering for nuclear reactors, for example, is to make safety mechanisms as simple and as foolproof as possible (see Safety engineering and passive safety).

Text 3.
Automation systems of technological process control
The field of activities is complex automation in sectors of national economy. One of the basic lines of activity is industrial automation of enterprises with the use of equipment of leading foreign producers (Siemens, Emerson, Schneider) as well as its own developments, in particular technology which can be integrated with both various network management platforms and its own software operating on any personal computer or server.
The approach to technological process automation assumes integration of the enterprise control systems of all levels into the uniform information space and allows overcoming difficulties connected with incompatibility of different elements of the infrastructure.
Automation systems of technological process control rely on the experience of cooperation with enterprises of various branches of industry as well as using operating skills gained during work with a wide range of equipment of home and foreign producers. There are the following types of work on technological process automation:
1. Automation object inspection:
development and coordination with the customer of technical requirements for automation control system; choice of hardware environment optimum by the price/ quality criterion, required for soluti

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Вариант 4

Тип работы: Контрольная работа



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