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New Zealand

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The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion

in 1907. It supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand is a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. The total territory of New Zealand is 268,680 square kilometers. Its climate is temperate with sharp regional contrasts. The landscape of the country is mountainous with some large coastal plains. The highest point is Mount Cook 3,764 meters. Natural resources are: natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, gold, limestone. The population of New Zealand is about 3,910,000. About 80% of the population live in cities. English, Maori are both official state languages of the country. Talking about natural hazards, I should notice that earthquakes are common, though usually not severe and there is a volcanic activity in New Zealand. Independence Day is celebrated on September, 26. Government type is parliamentary democracy. Administrative division is the following: 93 counties, 9 districts, and 3 town districts. Legal system is based on the English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris. Since 6 February 1952 the chief of the state is Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Dame Silvia Cart-wright since 4 April 2001. Since 10 December 1999, the Head of the government is Prime Minister Helen Clark and Deputy Prime Minister James Anderton. Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from an agrarian economy to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products. The main industries are mining, food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment. New Zealand's currency is New Zealand dollar. New Zealand is the name of the country that has volcanoes, mountains, tropical forests and rivers of ice. New Zealand is an insular country. It is made up of two big islands: the North and South Islands and many small islands around. The aborigines of New Zealand are the Maoris. They call New Zealand the Land of the Long White Cloud. The Maoris are one of the Polynesian nations, who made their great journey to New Zealand from Indonesia and the South Pacific in the middle of the 14th century. They sailed in double canoes, open to all weathers. They knew the winds, the ocean flows and the star navigation that is why they reached this land, later called New Zealand and we can call them the Vikings of the Sunrise. Most population of New Zealand lives on the North Island. Here you can also find big volcanoes like Egmont and Tonga-riro, geysers and lakes of bubbling mud. The biggest cities of New Zealand are Auckland, Chris-tchurch and Wellington. Wellington is the present capital of New Zealand since 1865, and one of its busiest ports, located at the southern end of North Island, lying among hills an the western side of a natural harbour. It is the third largest city of New Zealand. Auckland or former capital of New Zealand is the largest city of the state. Christchurch is the second largest city. South Island is larger than North Island. There are the highest mountains in this part of the country. There you can find the snow-capped Southern Alps, rising 3 764 meters to the tip of Mount Cook (named after Captain Cook» who visited the islands before sailing westwards and discovering the eastern coast of Australia). South Island is very beautiful with its mountains, called Alps, lakes, glaciers and fiords. Here you can see the Sunder-land Falls, where water drops from the height of six hundred meters, making these falls one of the highest waterfalls in the world. The climate is mild at all seasons. There is no much difference of temperature between winter and summer. Notwithstanding New Zealand is close to Australia, New Zealand does not have such terrible heat of Australian summers, because the ocean tempers its climate. North Island is where you can find the Maoris, fine people who had lived on these islands hundreds of years before the white man came. Most of them live near Auckland. The first colonist or settler appeared on the present territory of Wellington in 1840. They called their settlement Britannia. By the year 1842, there were 3 700 colonists in the settlement of Britannia and later it was renamed into Wellington.

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New Zealand

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